CUM SĂ CITIȚI FIȘIERUL XML ÎN JAVA

Citirea fișierului XML în Java este mult diferită de citirea altor fișiere precum .docx și .txt, deoarece fișierul XML conține date între etichete. Java oferă multe modalități de a analiza un fișier XML. Există doi analizatori în Java care analizează un fișier XML:

Java DOM Analizator
Java CORECT Analizator

Java DOM Parser

The API-ul DOM oferă clasele pentru a citi și scrie un fișier XML. Putem crea, șterge, modifica și rearanja nodul folosind API-ul DOM. Parserul DOM analizează întregul fișier XML și creează un DOM obiect din memorie. Modelează un fișier XML într-un structura arborelui pentru parcurgere și manipulare ușoară. În DOM, totul într-un fișier XML este a nodul . Nodul reprezintă o componentă a unui fișier XML. Parserul DOM este încet în proces şi ocupă multa memorie când încarcă un fișier XML în memorie.

Trebuie să fi urmat procesul pentru a citi un fișier XML în Java:

getDocumentElement()

getElementByTagName()

ELEMENT_NODE

getElementByTextValue()

Pași pentru a citi fișierul XML în Java folosind eclipse

Pasul 1: Creați un simplu Java proiect.

Pasul 2: Creați un fișier de clasă și furnizați un nume de fișier de clasă. Am creat fișierul de clasă cu numele CitițiXMLFileExample1 .

greierul meu viu

Pasul 3: Scrieți următorul cod.

Pasul 4: Descarca dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar fişier: Click aici...

Pasul 5: Creeaza o lib folder din proiect.

Pasul 6: Copie dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar fișier și inserați în folderul lib.

Pasul 7: Seteaza calea clasei :

Faceți clic dreapta pe proiect->Build Path->Configurați Build Path->Add External JAR->Selectați fișierul JAR->faceți clic pe butonul Open->Apply and Close.

Pasul 8: Creaza un XML fişier. Am creat un fișier XML cu nume XMLFile.xml și scrieți următoarele date în el.

Pasul 9: Rulați proiectul.

lup sau vulpe

Crearea fișierului XML: XMLFile.xml

 101 Naman Kumar Math 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76

Exemplu de citire a fișierului XML folosind DOM Parser

 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import java.io.File; public class ReadXMLFileExample1 { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { //creating a constructor of file class and parsing an XML file File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); //an instance of factory that gives a document builder DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //an instance of builder to parse the specified xml file DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse(file); doc.getDocumentElement().normalize(); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos; + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); NodeList nodeList = doc.getElementsByTagName(&apos;student&apos;); // nodeList is not iterable, so we are using for loop for (int itr = 0; itr <nodelist.getlength(); itr++) { node system.out.println('
node name :' + node.getnodename()); if (node.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) element eelement="(Element)" node; system.out.println('student id: '+ eelement.getelementsbytagname('id').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('first name: eelement.getelementsbytagname('firstname').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('last eelement.getelementsbytagname('lastname').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('subject: eelement.getelementsbytagname('subject').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('marks: eelement.getelementsbytagname('marks').item(0).gettextcontent()); } catch (exception e) e.printstacktrace(); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name: student Student id: 101 First Name: Naman Last Name: Kumar Subject: Math Marks: 83 Node Name: student Student id: 102 First Name: Kapil Last Name: Kumar Subject: Chemistry Marks: 60 Node Name: student Student id: 103 First Name: Harsh Last Name: Singh Subject: English Marks: 70 Node Name: student Student id: 104 First Name: Jitesh Last Name: Singh Subject: Physics Marks: 76 </pre> <p>Let&apos;s see another example of reading xml file.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using DOM Parser</strong> </p> <p>The following example reads the same XML file <strong>XMLFile.xml</strong> , and showing that how to loop the node one by one. It prints the node value, name and attribute if any.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class ReadXMLFileExample2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = documentBuilder.parse(file); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos;+ document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); if (document.hasChildNodes()) { printNodeList(document.getChildNodes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } private static void printNodeList(NodeList nodeList) { for (int count = 0; count <nodelist.getlength(); count++) { node elemnode="nodeList.item(count);" if (elemnode.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) get name and value system.out.println('
node [open]'); system.out.println('node content=" + elemNode.getTextContent()); if (elemNode.hasAttributes()) { NamedNodeMap nodeMap = elemNode.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; nodeMap.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nodeMap.item(i); System.out.println(" attr : ' + node.getnodename()); system.out.println('attr node.getnodevalue()); } (elemnode.haschildnodes()) recursive call the has child nodes printnodelist(elemnode.getchildnodes()); [close]'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name =class [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =101 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Naman Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Math Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =83 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =102 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Kapil Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Chemistry Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =60 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 103 Harsh Singh English 70 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =103 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Harsh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =English Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =70 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =104 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Jitesh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Physics Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =76 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =class [CLOSE] </pre> <h2>Java SAX Parser</h2> <p>Java SAX parser stands for <strong>Simple API</strong> for <strong>XML</strong> . SAX parser parses an XML file <strong>line by line</strong> . It triggers events when it encounters the opening tag, closing tag, and character data in an xml file. SAX parser is also called the <strong>event-based parser</strong> .</p> <p>SAX parser does not load any XML file into memory. It does not create any object representation of the XML document. SAX parser uses call back function to inform clients of the XML document structure. It is <strong>faster</strong> and uses <strong>less memory</strong> than DOM parser.</p> <p>SAX is a <strong>streaming interface</strong> for XML, which means that XML file parses in sequential order starting at the top of the document, and ending with the closing of the root element.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using SAX parser</strong> </p> <pre> import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class </pre> <hr></nodelist.getlength();></pre></nodelist.getlength();>

Să vedem un alt exemplu de citire a fișierului xml.

Exemplu de citire a fișierului XML folosind DOM Parser

Următorul exemplu citește același fișier XML XMLFile.xml , și arătând cum să bucleți nodul unul câte unul. Tipărește valoarea nodului, numele și atributul, dacă există.

Exemplu

 import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class ReadXMLFileExample2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = documentBuilder.parse(file); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos;+ document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); if (document.hasChildNodes()) { printNodeList(document.getChildNodes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } private static void printNodeList(NodeList nodeList) { for (int count = 0; count <nodelist.getlength(); count++) { node elemnode="nodeList.item(count);" if (elemnode.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) get name and value system.out.println(\'
node [open]\'); system.out.println(\'node content=" + elemNode.getTextContent()); if (elemNode.hasAttributes()) { NamedNodeMap nodeMap = elemNode.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; nodeMap.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nodeMap.item(i); System.out.println(" attr : \' + node.getnodename()); system.out.println(\'attr node.getnodevalue()); } (elemnode.haschildnodes()) recursive call the has child nodes printnodelist(elemnode.getchildnodes()); [close]\'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name =class [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =101 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Naman Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Math Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =83 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =102 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Kapil Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Chemistry Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =60 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 103 Harsh Singh English 70 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =103 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Harsh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =English Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =70 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =104 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Jitesh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Physics Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =76 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =class [CLOSE] </pre> <h2>Java SAX Parser</h2> <p>Java SAX parser stands for <strong>Simple API</strong> for <strong>XML</strong> . SAX parser parses an XML file <strong>line by line</strong> . It triggers events when it encounters the opening tag, closing tag, and character data in an xml file. SAX parser is also called the <strong>event-based parser</strong> .</p> <p>SAX parser does not load any XML file into memory. It does not create any object representation of the XML document. SAX parser uses call back function to inform clients of the XML document structure. It is <strong>faster</strong> and uses <strong>less memory</strong> than DOM parser.</p> <p>SAX is a <strong>streaming interface</strong> for XML, which means that XML file parses in sequential order starting at the top of the document, and ending with the closing of the root element.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using SAX parser</strong> </p> <pre> import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class </pre> <hr></nodelist.getlength();>

Analizator Java SAX

Java SAX parser înseamnă API simplu pentru XML . Analizorul SAX analizează un fișier XML linie cu linie . Declanșează evenimente atunci când întâlnește eticheta de deschidere, eticheta de închidere și datele de caractere într-un fișier xml. Analizorul SAX se mai numește și analizator bazat pe evenimente .

Analizorul SAX nu încarcă niciun fișier XML în memorie. Nu creează nicio reprezentare obiect a documentului XML. Analizorul SAX utilizează funcția de apel invers pentru a informa clienții despre structura documentului XML. Este Mai repede și utilizări mai putina memorie decât parserul DOM.

SAX este un interfață de streaming pentru XML, ceea ce înseamnă că fișierul XML este analizat în ordine secvențială, începând din partea de sus a documentului și terminând cu închiderea elementului rădăcină.

defecțiune generală de protecție

Exemplu de citire a fișierului XML folosind parserul SAX

 import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

Ieșire:

 Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class

TechCodeview