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Arborele factorial al unui număr dat

Arborele factorilor este o metodă intuitivă de a înțelege factorii unui număr. Arată cum au fost derivați toți factorii din număr. Este o diagramă specială în care găsești factorii unui număr, apoi factorii acelor numere etc până nu mai poți factoriza. Capetele sunt toți factorii primi ai numărului original.

Exemplu: 

Input : v = 48 Output : Root of below tree 48 / 2 24 / 2 12 / 2 6 / 2 3

Arborele factorilor este creat recursiv. Se folosește un arbore binar. 



  1. Începem cu un număr și găsim divizorul minim posibil.
  2. Apoi împărțim numărul părinte la divizorul minim.
  3. Stocăm atât divizorul, cât și coeficientul ca doi copii ai numărului părinte.
  4. Ambii copii sunt trimiși în funcțiune recursiv.
  5. Dacă un divizor mai mic de jumătate din număr nu este găsit, doi copii sunt stocați ca NULL.

Implementare:

C++
// C++ program to construct Factor Tree for // a given number #include   using namespace std; // Tree node struct Node {  struct Node *left *right;  int key; }; // Utility function to create a new tree Node Node* newNode(int key) {  Node* temp = new Node;  temp->key = key;  temp->left = temp->right = NULL;  return temp; } // Constructs factor tree for given value and stores // root of tree at given reference. void createFactorTree(struct Node **node_ref int v) {  (*node_ref) = newNode(v);  // the number is factorized  for (int i = 2 ; i < v/2 ; i++)  {  if (v % i != 0)  continue;  // If we found a factor we construct left  // and right subtrees and return. Since we  // traverse factors starting from smaller  // to greater left child will always have  // smaller factor  createFactorTree(&((*node_ref)->left) i);  createFactorTree(&((*node_ref)->right) v/i);  return;  } } // Iterative method to find the height of Binary Tree void printLevelOrder(Node *root) {  // Base Case  if (root == NULL) return;  queue<Node *> q;  q.push(root);  while (q.empty() == false)  {  // Print front of queue and remove  // it from queue  Node *node = q.front();  cout << node->key << ' ';  q.pop();  if (node->left != NULL)  q.push(node->left);  if (node->right != NULL)  q.push(node->right);  } } // driver program int main() {  int val = 48;// sample value  struct Node *root = NULL;  createFactorTree(&root val);  cout << 'Level order traversal of '  'constructed factor tree';  printLevelOrder(root);  return 0; } 
Java
// Java program to construct Factor Tree for // a given number import java.util.*; class GFG {  // Tree node  static class Node  {  Node left right;  int key;  };  static Node root;  // Utility function to create a new tree Node  static Node newNode(int key)  {  Node temp = new Node();  temp.key = key;  temp.left = temp.right = null;  return temp;  }  // Constructs factor tree for given value and stores  // root of tree at given reference.  static Node createFactorTree(Node node_ref int v)  {  (node_ref) = newNode(v);  // the number is factorized  for (int i = 2 ; i < v/2 ; i++)  {  if (v % i != 0)  continue;  // If we found a factor we construct left  // and right subtrees and return. Since we  // traverse factors starting from smaller  // to greater left child will always have  // smaller factor  node_ref.left = createFactorTree(((node_ref).left) i);  node_ref.right = createFactorTree(((node_ref).right) v/i);  return node_ref;  }  return node_ref;  }  // Iterative method to find the height of Binary Tree  static void printLevelOrder(Node root)  {  // Base Case  if (root == null) return;  Queue<Node > q = new LinkedList<>();  q.add(root);  while (q.isEmpty() == false)  {  // Print front of queue and remove  // it from queue  Node node = q.peek();  System.out.print(node.key + ' ');  q.remove();  if (node.left != null)  q.add(node.left);  if (node.right != null)  q.add(node.right);  }  }  // Driver program  public static void main(String[] args)  {  int val = 48;// sample value  root = null;  root = createFactorTree(root val);  System.out.println('Level order traversal of '+  'constructed factor tree');  printLevelOrder(root);  } } // This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji 
Python3
# Python program to construct Factor Tree for # a given number class Node: def __init__(self key): self.left = None self.right = None self.key = key # Utility function to create a new tree Node def newNode(key): temp = Node(key) return temp # Constructs factor tree for given value and stores # root of tree at given reference. def createFactorTree(node_ref v): node_ref = newNode(v) # the number is factorized for i in range(2 int(v/2)): if (v % i != 0): continue # If we found a factor we construct left # and right subtrees and return. Since we # traverse factors starting from smaller # to greater left child will always have # smaller factor node_ref.left = createFactorTree(((node_ref).left) i) node_ref.right = createFactorTree(((node_ref).right) int(v/i)) return node_ref return node_ref # Iterative method to find the height of Binary Tree def printLevelOrder(root): # Base Case if (root == None): return q = []; q.append(root); while (len(q) > 0): # Print front of queue and remove # it from queue node = q[0] print(node.key end = ' ') q = q[1:] if (node.left != None): q.append(node.left) if (node.right != None): q.append(node.right) val = 48# sample value root = None root = createFactorTree(root val) print('Level order traversal of constructed factor tree') printLevelOrder(root) # This code is contributed by shinjanpatra 
C#
// C# program to construct Factor Tree for // a given number using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public class GFG {  // Tree node  public  class Node  {  public  Node left right;  public  int key;  };  static Node root;  // Utility function to create a new tree Node  static Node newNode(int key)  {  Node temp = new Node();  temp.key = key;  temp.left = temp.right = null;  return temp;  }  // Constructs factor tree for given value and stores  // root of tree at given reference.  static Node createFactorTree(Node node_ref int v)  {  (node_ref) = newNode(v);  // the number is factorized  for (int i = 2 ; i < v/2 ; i++)  {  if (v % i != 0)  continue;  // If we found a factor we construct left  // and right subtrees and return. Since we  // traverse factors starting from smaller  // to greater left child will always have  // smaller factor  node_ref.left = createFactorTree(((node_ref).left) i);  node_ref.right = createFactorTree(((node_ref).right) v/i);  return node_ref;  }  return node_ref;  }  // Iterative method to find the height of Binary Tree  static void printLevelOrder(Node root)  {  // Base Case  if (root == null) return;  Queue<Node > q = new Queue<Node>();  q.Enqueue(root);  while (q.Count != 0)  {  // Print front of queue and remove  // it from queue  Node node = q.Peek();  Console.Write(node.key + ' ');  q.Dequeue();  if (node.left != null)  q.Enqueue(node.left);  if (node.right != null)  q.Enqueue(node.right);  }  }  // Driver program  public static void Main(String[] args)  {  int val = 48;// sample value  root = null;  root = createFactorTree(root val);  Console.WriteLine('Level order traversal of '+  'constructed factor tree');  printLevelOrder(root);  } } // This code is contributed by gauravrajput1 
JavaScript
<script>  // Javascript program to construct Factor Tree for  // a given number    class Node  {  constructor(key) {  this.left = null;  this.right = null;  this.key = key;  }  }    let root;    // Utility function to create a new tree Node  function newNode(key)  {  let temp = new Node(key);  return temp;  }  // Constructs factor tree for given value and stores  // root of tree at given reference.  function createFactorTree(node_ref v)  {  (node_ref) = newNode(v);  // the number is factorized  for (let i = 2 ; i < parseInt(v/2 10) ; i++)  {  if (v % i != 0)  continue;  // If we found a factor we construct left  // and right subtrees and return. Since we  // traverse factors starting from smaller  // to greater left child will always have  // smaller factor  node_ref.left = createFactorTree(((node_ref).left) i);  node_ref.right = createFactorTree(((node_ref).right) parseInt(v/i 10));  return node_ref;  }  return node_ref;  }  // Iterative method to find the height of Binary Tree  function printLevelOrder(root)  {  // Base Case  if (root == null) return;  let q = [];  q.push(root);  while (q.length > 0)  {  // Print front of queue and remove  // it from queue  let node = q[0];  document.write(node.key + ' ');  q.shift();  if (node.left != null)  q.push(node.left);  if (node.right != null)  q.push(node.right);  }  }    let val = 48;// sample value  root = null;  root = createFactorTree(root val);  document.write('Level order traversal of '+  'constructed factor tree' + '
'
); printLevelOrder(root); // This code is contributed by suresh07. </script>

Ieșire
Level order traversal of constructed factor tree48 2 24 2 12 2 6 2 3 

Complexitatea timpului: O(n) unde n este numărul dat.

Complexitatea spațiului: O(k) unde k este factorul numărului.

 

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